There has been an increase volatility in oil and gas prices (namely prices moving up and down). In theory, after periods of volatility, commodity markets should eventually revert to a price that reflects fundamentals of supply and demand because they are underpinned by raw materials. If buyers do not emerge when prices are high, a …
The wash boring method is frequently used in sands and silts to either advance a casing or collect soil samples. Water is pumped down the drill rods under pressure and discharges through ports in the drill bit and carries the soil up to the surface in the annulus between the rod and the boring wall …
to release pipe that is stuck in the hole by running washover pipe. The washover pipe must have an outside diameter small enough to fit into the borehole but an inside diameter large enough to fit over the outside diameter of the stuck pipe. A rotary shoe, which cuts away the formation, mud, or whatever …
An accessory used in fishing operations to go over the outside of tubing or drill pipe stuck in the hole because of cuttings, mud, and so forth, that have collected in the annulus. The washover pipe cleans the annular space and permits recovery of the pipe. It is sometimes called washpipe.
The reservoir drive mechanism in which oil is produced by the expansion of the underlying water and rock, which forces the oil into the wellbore. In general, there are two types of water drive: bottom-water drive, in which the oil is totally underlain by water; and edgewater drive, in which only a portion of the …
A method of improved recovery in which water is injected into a reservoir to remove additional quantities of oil that have been left behind after primary recovery. Waterflooding usually involves the injection of water through wells specially set up for water injection and the removal of water and oil from production wells drilled adjacent to …
An assessment of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water, especially how they relate to the suitability of that water for a particular use. Power stations, especially coal stations require a lot of water for cooling purposes
Dew point is defined as the temperature at which vapor begins to condense. Dewpointing removes the liquid vapors from the gas to prevent the formation of slug in the pipeline Water dew-point is to prevent the condensation and accumulation of water at low points in the pipelines. The water dew-point specification is usually achieved by …
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A method of improved recovery in which water is injected into a reservoir to remove additional quantities of oil that have been left behind after primary recovery. Waterflooding usually involves the injection of water through wells specially set up for water injection and the removal of water and oil from production wells drilled adjacent to …
Wave power devices extract energy directly from the surface motion of ocean waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface. Wave power varies considerably in different parts of the world, but wave energy can not yet be harnessed effectively everywhere. Wave-power rich areas of the world include the western coasts of Scotland, northern Canada, southern …
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