Water and electricity; Water for electricity generation; Water and power stations

Electricity generation facilities use huge amounts of water, especially for cooling purposes. For example, the Rutenberg coal power station in Ashkelon requires 330 thousand liters of sea water per hour when it is working on full capacity. Thus, when such a station is working at full capacity for 13 days it requires more water than …

Ultimately recoverable resources; Estimated ultimate recoverable resources

Nobody knows or can know how much oil exists under the earth’s surface or how much it will be possible to produce in the future. All numbers are, at best, informed estimates. Within the broad concept of oil reserves there are several key distinctions: ultimately recoverable resource (URR) is an estimate of the total amount …

Nomination; Nominations; Gas nomination; Natural gas nomination; Nomination of gas procedures; Gas transportation nomination procedures

A nomination is (1) the notification by a shipper to a pipeline company of the amount of gas that it wishes to flow on their system on the date specified. The actual amount of gas that flows on the system may be different than the quantity nominated. (2) A request for a physical quantity of …

Natural gas consumer (Israel); Natural Gas Guide (Israel)

The consumer will receive the following bill: payment to the shipper/marketer to include the price of his natural gas + the marketer’s fee (these fees are not supervised/regulated); payment to the transmission licensee according to the two phased tariff determined by the Natural Gas Authority; a one-time payment to link up his facility to the …

Price break clause; Price reviews mechanism; Price review clause; Price re-openers; Price reopener; Contract reopener (in a gas sales contract – GSA)

Market conditions can vary vastly over the life time of a gas sales contract, especially as many of these contracts are long term (even up to 25 years). It is therefore often desirable to have a means of modifying the price formula over time. The advantage of such clauses is that it allows the parties …

Palestine Energy & Natural Resources Authority

PENRA was created & authorized to be the sole national authority responsible for managing the Palestinian energy sector, including but not limited to policy formulation, development, restructuring, & coordination. The Palestinian Energy and Natural Resources Authority has the following objectives: Ensure that the electricity supply is delivered to citizens through developing and rehabilitating internal electricity …

Controlled nuclear fusion; Fusion energy (product: Laser Inertial Fusion Energy or LIFE)

The process consists of fusing nuclei rather than splitting a nucleus as happens in ordinary nuclear-fission power plants. In a fission reaction, the nucleus of a uranium atom is split into two smaller atoms, releasing energy in the form of heat. The heat is used to make steam, which drives a turbine and generates electricity. …