A very heavy substance, left over after other fuels have been distilled from crude oil. It is used in power plants, ships and large heating installations. Bunkers are a ship’s fuels; usually heavy fuel oil but can also be gasoil. Has an API gravity about 10.5o
Measure of thermal energy released by nuclear fuel relative to its mass, typically Gigawatt days per ton (GWd/tU).
A crust of coarse sediments or weathered soil rich in calcium carbonate. It forms when lime-rich groundwater rises to the surface by capillary action and evaporates into a crumbly powder, forming a tough, indurated sheet called calcrete. Caliche typically occurs in desert or semi-arid areas. Of particular concern to geophysicists is the difficulty in acquiring …
Calorific value (CV) is a measure of heating power and is dependent upon the composition of the gas. The CV refers to the amount of energy released when a known volume of gas is completely combusted under specified conditions. The CV of gas, which is dry, gross and measured at standard conditions of temperature and …
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A competitive process normally held by the licensing authority (government) to promote unlicensed acreage in order to carry out exploration activities. Companies are charged to competitively apply for this acreage by a certain closing date
A vehicle with two separate fuel systems designed to run on either fuel, using only one fuel at a time. A vehicle that employs a combustion engine system together with an electric propulsion system. Dedicated natural gas vehicles are designed to run on natural gas only, while dual-fuel or bi-fuel vehicles can also run on …
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A clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources containing no petroleum. It is derived from vegetable oils or animal fats which conform to ASTM D6751 specifications for use in diesel engines. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from plants or vegetable oils and used as a motor fuel, usually when mixed with diesel. …
Biofuels are fuel made from living organism or from the waste they produce and include wood, biogas, ethanol, diesel or other liquid fuels made from processing plant material or waste oil. In recent years, the term “biofuel” has come to mean the last category – ethanol and diesel, made from crops including corn, sugarcane (the …
Natural gas can be biogenic (bacterial in origin) or thermogenic in origin. Two distinct processes produce hydrocarbon gas: biogenic and thermogenic degradation of organic matter. Biogenic gas is formed at shallow depths and low temperatures by anaerobic bacterial decomposition of sedimentary organic matter. Thermogenic gas is formed at deeper depths by (1) thermal cracking of …
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Bituminous is a type of coal that contains very little moisture and has high heat value. A rank of coal that falls between anthracite and semi-bituminous. The most abundant rank of coal. Frequently referred to by the layman as “soft coal”.
