bomuo – Page 502 – HebrewEnergy

05.07.2009

ניתן לכרות ולעבד פצלי שמן להפקת חומר דומה בתכונותיו לנפט קונבנציונלי, אולם מיצוי נפט מפצלי שמן הוא תהליך הרבה יותר מורכב מהפקת נפט קונבנציונלי וכרוך כיום בעלויות גבוהות יותר. החומרים האורגניים שבהרכב פצלי שמן הם מוצקים ולא ניתן לשאוב אותם ישירות מן האדמה. תחילה יש לכרות את הפצלים, ולאחר מכן לחמם אותם לטמפרטורה גבוהה ולבסוף להפריד את הנוזל שהתקבל ולאסוף אותו. שיטה חלופית להפקת אנרגיה מפצלי שמן שנמצאת כעת בשלבי ניסיון היא שיטת הפקה in-situ: חימום פצלי שמן מתחת לפני הקרקע ושאיבת הנוזל המתקבל בחימום אל פני השטח. יש הרואים במערכת עיבוד זו שיטה מוצדקת כלכלית וידידותית לסביבה

שיטה להפקה מוגברת: ייצור חום בתוך המאגר באמצעות הזרקת אוויר, חמצן או תערובת של אוויר וחמצן, על מנת לשרוף חלק מהנפט במאגר. חום השריפה מפרק את הפחמימנים הגולמיים וגורם לאידוי הפחמימנים הקלים והפרדת הקוקס הגולמי. כאשר האש מתפשטת מבארות ההזרקה אל בארות מפיקות, היא שורפת את הקוקס, גורמת לפליטת גזי שריפה חמים והופכת את מי המאגר לקיטור. אדי הפחמימנים והקיטור מתעבים בזמן הקירור, ומפעילים לחץ על הנפט באמצעות מים חמים, גזי השריפה, ויצירת תערובת עם הנפט. פחמן דו חמצני גורם להגדלת נפח הנפט, והחום מוריד את רמת הצמיגות של הנפט. משתמשים בשיטה זו להפקת נפט כבד וצמיגי על מנת להגביר את קצב הזרימה שלו.

במקום בו התבצע הדבר

אומדן סך הפחמימנים במאגר נפט/גז טרם התערבות ידי אדם במאגר זה

{"terms":[[{"en":"BHP Billiton Ltd.","he":""},{"en":"Australia's biggest petroleum producer and the world's largest mining company. Its petroleum unit contributed abut 15% of BHP's revenue for the 2007 fiscal year. Proven reserves were 1.35 billion barrels of oil equivalent, with ``probable reserves'' to be developed within a decade from projects in Australia, Algeria and the Gulf of Mexico adding a further 2.24 billion barrels","he":"\u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e7\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05d8, \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd. \u05e0\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2007, \u05dc\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1-1.35 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4 \u05e2\u05e8\u05da \u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d5\u05e2\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1-2.24 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5 \u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05e1\u05d2\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d2'\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05e5 \u05de\u05e7\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5. "},"","",1,"16113","",[],""],[{"en":"Open hole completion; Barefoot completion ","he":""},{"en":"A method of preparing a well for production in which no production casing or liner is set opposite the producing formation. Reservoir fluids flow unrestricted into the open wellbore.","he":"\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e4\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d4 \u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d5 liner (\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05d6\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d3\u05e4\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8). \u05d1\u05de\u05e6\u05d1 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05ea \u05d6\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8. "},"","",1,"3836","",[],""],[{"en":"Odorizer ","he":""},{"en":" A natural gas processing equipment that adds a mercaptan sulfur odor to all natural gas as a safety measure, allowing detection if a leak occurs. Unprocessed natural gas is usually odorless. ","he":"\u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05df \u05e2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d2\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05e3 \u05e8\u05d9\u05d7 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05d2\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05db\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05de\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4. \u05d2\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d3\"\u05db \u05d7\u05e1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d9\u05d7. "},"","",1,"3711","",[],""],[{"en":"Offsystem (natural gas)","he":""},{"en":"Natural gas that is transported to the end user by the company making final delivery of the gas to the end user. The end user purchases the gas from another company, such as a producer or marketer, not from the delivering company (typically a local distribution company or a pipeline company).","he":"\u05d2\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7 \u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e6\u05d4 \u05e2\"\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d2\u05d6 \u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e6\u05d4. \u05de\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e6\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05e9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d6 \u05de\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 (\u05db\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5 \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8), \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea, \u05db\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05e7 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05d4. "},"","",1,"3737","",[],""],[{"en":"Nonfuel use (of energy)","he":""},{"en":"Use of energy as feedstock or raw material input.","he":"\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05db\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d2\u05dc\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea, \u05db\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e4\u05d8\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05ea"},"","",1,"3645","",[],""],[{"en":"Circulating and Conditioning (drilling fluid)","he":""},{"en":"[:he]","he":""},"C&C","",1,"822","",[],""],[{"en":"Check valves (in an oil pipeline)","he":""},{"en":"Operates one-way and prevents the reverse flow of oil. Check valves are designed to be held open by flowing oil and to drop closed automatically when oil flow stops or is reversed","he":"\u05e9\u05e1\u05ea\u05d5\u05dd \u05d7\u05d3-\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05d3 \u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8. \u05e9\u05e1\u05ea\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc-\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e6\u05d1 \u05e4\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d1\u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d5\u05e0\u05e1\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d8\u05d9 \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05de\u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d6\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d4. "},"","",1,"804","",[],""],[{"en":"Office of Gas and Electricity Markets ","he":""},{"en":"The regulatory body for the gas and electricity markets in England, Wales and Scotland","he":"\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05de\u05e4\u05e7\u05d7\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05e9\u05e7 \u05d2\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d7\u05e9\u05de\u05dc \u05d1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 "},"Ofgem","",1,"3713","",[],""],[{"en":"Offset (geology) ","he":""},{"en":"The horizontal displacement between points on either side of a fault, which can range from millimeters to kilometers","he":"\u05d7\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e6\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05e8, \u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. "},"","",1,"3718","",[],""],[{"en":"Fifth fuel; The \"fifth fuel\"","he":""},{"en":"What is pejoratively known as the \"fifth fuel\" refers usually to energy conservation. This is in additional to oil, coal, nuclear, renewable sources. Namely, that beyond petroleum, coal, nuclear and alternative energy, there's another, untapped resource: efficiency","he":"\u05db\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05dc\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4. \u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \"\u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05e1\u05e8\" \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8, \u05e4\u05d7\u05dd, \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05ea, \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d1\u05e2\u05ea \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5, \u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e6\u05dc \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3, \u05d4-\u201cfifth fuel\u201d: \u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea. "},"","",1,"17740","",[],""],[{"en":"Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ","he":""},{"en":"Belongs to the U.S. Department of Energy. The EERE mission is to strengthen America's energy security, environmental quality, and economic vitality in public-private partnerships that: Enhance energy efficiency and productivity; bring clean, reliable and affordable energy technologies to the marketplace; and make a difference in the everyday lives of Americans by enhancing their energy choices and their quality of life. The priorities of the EERE are to: dramatically reduce or even end dependence on foreign oil; reduce the burden of energy prices on the disadvantaged; increase the viability and deployment of renewable energy technologies; increase the reliability and efficiency of electricity generation, delivery, and use; increase the efficiency of buildings and appliances; increase the efficiency\/reduce the energy intensity of industry; create the new domestic bioindustry; lead by example through government's own actions. Israel's program as lead by the MNI for energy conservation and efficiency is based on FEMP","he":"\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05e8\u05d4\"\u05d1. \u05d4-EERE \u05d4\u05d5\u05e7\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d6\u05e7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d7\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05d4\"\u05d1, \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05ea\u05dd: \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea, \u05e4\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e7\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e1\u05d2\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d4\u05d8\u05de\u05e2\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e2\"\u05d9 \u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d2 \u05d9\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d5. \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 \u05e1\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc EERE \u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea: \u05de\u05d6\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05ea\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05e8\u05d4\"\u05d1 \u05d1\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d6\u05e8; \u05d4\u05e4\u05d7\u05ea\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea; \u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05df \u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea\u05df \u05e9\u05dc \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05ea; \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e0\u05e3 \u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d7\u05e9\u05de\u05dc; \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd; \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4; \u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5-\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4; \u05de\u05ea\u05df \u05d3\u05d5\u05d2\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e1\u05e1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc FEMP (\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e4\u05d3\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4). "},"EERE","",1,"17492","",[],""],[{"en":"Trip (noun and\/or verb)","he":""},{"en":"The operation of hoisting the drill stem from and returning it to the wellbore. To insert or remove the drill stem into or out of the hole","he":"\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05d7 \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05e8\u05ea\u05d5. \u05dc\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05d7 \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8"},"","",1,"5686","",[],""],[{"en":"Train (LNG)","he":""},{"en":"A series of units that together accomplish a complex process. An LNG train is the term used to describe the liquefaction and purification facilities in an LNG plant. Each LNG plant consists of one or more trains to process liquefied natural gas","he":"\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05df \u05d2\u05d8\"\u05df. \u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05df \u05d2\u05d8\"\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d2\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9"},"","",1,"5612","",[],""],[{"en":"Tie-in (pipeline ~)","he":""},{"en":"Action of linking one pipeline to another line or to a certain piece of equipment, such as tie-in pipeline to the main trunkline","he":"\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05dc\u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05d3"},"","",1,"5537","",[],""],[{"en":"Oil-prone (such as \"the distal portions of the basin is oil-prone\")","he":""},{"en":"The quality of a source rock that makes it more likely to contain oil than gas","he":"\u05ea\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea \u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05d3\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e1\u05dc\u05e2 \u05de\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05d3\u05ea \u05d2\u05d6 "},"","",1,"3801","",[],""],[{"en":"The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic ","he":""},{"en":"The 1992 OSPAR convention is the current instrument guiding international cooperation on the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic. It combined and up-dated the 1972 Oslo Convention on dumping waste at sea and the 1974 Paris Convention on land-based sources of marine pollution. The signatories to the convention are Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK and Northern Ireland; the EU is also a signatory, as are Luxembourg and Switzerland. OSPAR has published lists of environmentally acceptable and unacceptable products, referred to as the \"green,\" \"grey\" and \"black\" lists. The \u201cblack list\u201d covers products considered unsuitable for discharge and includes mercury, cadmium and persistent oils and hydrocarbons of a petroleum origin. The OSPAR operating principles for regulating offshore discharges take account of the persistence, toxicity or other noxious properties and tendency to bio-accumulation of the chemicals in drilling wastes. The convention is based on a number of principles, including: the precautionary principle; the polluter pays principle; best available techniques (BAT) and best environmental practice (BEP), including clean technology; ","he":"\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8, \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d1-1992, \u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd, \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05dc\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9. \u05d4\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05d3\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05dd \u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1972 \u05dc\u05d2\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05db\u05ea \u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1 \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1974 \u05dc\u05d2\u05d1\u05d9 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d1\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05dd \u05d9\u05de\u05d9. \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05df \u05d1\u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d3\u05e0\u05de\u05e8\u05e7, \u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3, \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea, \u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3, \u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4, \u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05d2\u05dc, \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d3, \u05e9\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3, \u05d5\u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9, \u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05e1\u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2 \u05d5\u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e5. \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05e1\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05e8\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \"\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4\", \"\u05d0\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4\" \u05d5\"\u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4\". \u05d1\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \"\u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4\" \u05e0\u05db\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05db\u05d4, \u05db\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05db\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e7\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd, \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e4\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05d1\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8. \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e0\u05e7\u05d1\u05e2\u05d5 \u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd (persistence), \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05d8\u05e0\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05d4\u05e6\u05d8\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05db\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05d7. \u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d1\u05e1\u05e1\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea, \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05e2\u05ea, \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \"\u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05dd\", \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 (BAT), \u05d5\u05e4\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 (BEP) \u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \"\u05e0\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4\". "},"OSPAR Convention","\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8",1,"5479","",[],""],[{"en":"Shrinkage ","he":""},{"en":"The amount of gas used by a pipeline and the lost and unaccounted for supply, both of which are a function of moving gas for a shipper","he":"\u05d2\u05d6 \u05e9\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e6\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e4\u05e1\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d2\u05d6 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05d4. \u05d4\u05df \u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d6 \u05d4\u05e0\u05e6\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05e2\"\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d5 \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05df \u05d4\u05e4\u05e1\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d6 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5 \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\"\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d7."},"","",1,"4970","",[],""],[{"en":"Ship to ship ","he":""},{"en":"Such as in the ship to ship transfer of LNG from a regasification vessel to an LNG tanker","he":"\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05df \u05de\u05de\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d2\u05d8\"\u05df \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d2\u05d8\"\u05df \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e4\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7 "},"STS","",1,"4946","http:\/\/www.hebrewenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Ship_to_ship.jpg",[],""],[{"en":"Formation volume factor ","he":""},{"en":"Oil shrinks and gas expands when brought to the surface. The FVF converts volumes at reservoir conditions (high pressure and high temperature) to storage and sale conditions","he":"\u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d2\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc \u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d8\u05d7 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05da \u05d4\u05e4\u05e7\u05d4, \u05d4\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05de\u05ea\u05db\u05d5\u05d5\u05e5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d6 \u05de\u05ea\u05e4\u05e9\u05d8. \u05d4-FVF \u05de\u05de\u05d9\u05e8 \u05e0\u05e4\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05d2\u05e8 (\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d4) \u05dc\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05de\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4."},"FVF Factor","",1,"2212","",[],""],[{"en":"Habendum Clause ","he":""},{"en":"Defines the period of time for which the rights given in the granting clause will extend. The habendum clause provides for a primary term which is a fixed term of years during which the lessee has the right, without any obligation, to operate on the premises. It also describes a secondary term as the extended period of time for which rights are granted to the lessee once production is obtained ","he":"\u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d4-habendum \u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05db\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d6\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05d1\u05e9\u05d8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d7\u05db\u05e8 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05d3\u05d5. \u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05df, \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05e4\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05d6\u05db\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \/ \u05d2\u05d6 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05db\u05e8. "},"","",1,"2556","",[],""]],"total":8229,"page":0}