Namely, state owned oil companies. The national oil companies typically do not operate strictly on the basis of market principles. Because of their close ties to the national government, in many cases their objectives might include wealth re-distribution, jobs creation, general economic development, economic and energy security, and vertical integration. Although these objectives might be …
Natural bitumen is the portion of petroleum that exists in the semi-solid or solid phase in natural deposits. In its natural state it usually contains sulfur, metals and other non-hydrocarbons. Natural Bitumen has a viscosity greater than 10,000 centipoises measured at original temperature in the deposit and atmospheric pressure, on a gas free basis. In …
Natural gas is a mixture of various hydrocarbon and inorganic gas compounds that have been produced over thousands of years by the de-composition of carboniferous material trapped in underground formations. Natural gas is a combustible mixture of hydrocarbon gases formed primarily of methane (70-90%) but it can also include ethane, propane, butane and pentane. It …
Before 2003, gas was primarily a regional commodity, transported by pipeline and consumed near where it was produced. Often, it would be simply flared (burned off as waste) at oil wells, since transportation was so difficult. With advances in LNG over the last few years and economies of scale LNG has become more of a …
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Natural Gas Regulator within the Ministry of National Infrastructures. The Natural Gas Authority was established in accordance with the Natural Gas Sector Law, 2002. The Natural Gas Authority is the regulatory body of the industry. The tasks of the authority are as follows: (1) Supervision of license holders, (2) Approval of engineering specifications for the …
As the most versatile of the fossil fuels, gas lends itself to a range of decentralized applications, including devices called fuel cells, which use hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity through an electrochemical process. In addition, natural gas as the most flexible and sustainable fuel source is also the best back up for unpredictable supply …
Five groups participated in the tender to update the Israeli natural gas master plan. The UK Advantica company won the tender in December 2008. The tender is to update the masterplan that was first written in 1999 and updated in 2003. The plan is to inter alia include implementation of the government’s decision regarding construction …
A means of maintaining a reserve of natural gas to allow supply to match demand, either on a daily, level or a seasonal level. Stored gas helps protect downstream markets, to balance the system and to prevent supply interruptions. Natural Gas Storage works on 3 different levels, with each level fulfilling a different role and …
Natural gas vehicles are either fueled exclusively with CNG or LNG (dedicated NGVs) or are capable of natural gas and gasoline fueling (bi-fuel NGVs). Natural gas can be used in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) to fuel cars and trucks. Dedicated natural gas vehicles (NGVs) are designed to …
A specific area of a market place where a service can be provided at better quality and more cheaply by one company than by a number of competitive companies. In the energy sector electricity grids and natural gas transmission systems are usually natural monopolies. According to economic theory, a natural monopoly is just as bad …
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