An influx of formation water, usually salty and sometimes hard, into the mud in the wellbore. Saltwater flows contaminate freshwater or seawater muds, making it expensive, difficult and time-consuming to regain the mud properties.
The installation of equipment or application of techniques to prevent migration of reservoir sand into the wellbore or near-wellbore area. In weak formations, sand control may be necessary to maintain the structure of the reservoir around the wellbore. In other formation types, the migration of sand and fines into the near wellbore area may severely …
Are generally considered the most porous and permeable rocks and are therefore where scientists usually find oil and gas
All products and services required to install and operate production installations on the seabed
Seastar platforms are like miniature tension leg platforms. A lower hull is filled with water when drilling, which increases the stability of the platform against wind and water movement. In addition to this semisubmersible rig, however, Seastar platforms also incorporate the tension leg system employed in larger platforms. Tension legs are long, hollow tendons that …
The method used to maintain production levels at viable rates following a fall in flow rate as the efficiency of the primary production methods declines which include an artificial-lift system or reservoir injection to maintain pressure
Such as when a shipment of LNG is diverted from a potentially higher paying market (e.g. Japan) to a lower paying market (e.g. US) because Japan is not able to take the LNG whereas the US is able due to large storage capacity
Holders of unused firm transportation contracts can resell this capacity in the secondary transportation market. Buyers and sellers in this market may be almost any participant in the primary transportation market, though pipeline companies are excluded because of their market power. Secondary transportation market came into existence in the US in 1992 when the FERC …
Main energy sectoral levels are transportation, heating, power generation, cooling steam. At the sectoral level, transportation is the key for future oil demand growth, with the greatest potential in developing countries, where levels of vehicle ownership are still very low. Four billion people live in countries with less than one car per twenty people. In …
A percentage of interest in the value of production from a field that is paid to the mineral rights owner (such as to the host government, landowner, mineral owner). The payment of royalties is in most cases entirely dependent upon the sale or use of the gas by the lessee. In Israel the royalties are …
