Under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) any person has the right to request public access to federal agency records or information. The agency must release the records upon receiving a written request unless the records fall within the nine exemptions and three exclusions outlined in the Act. Members of the public may obtain nonpublic …
Continue reading “Critical Energy Infrastructure Information Regulations”
Crude oil washing is a system whereby oil tanks on a tanker are cleaned out between voyages not with water, but with crude oil – the cargo itself. The solvent action of the crude oil makes the cleaning process far more effective than when water is used. There is usually a final water rinse but …
There is what is known as the horns of the classic dilemma all developing world oil and gas producers eventually face. Namely, the delicate balance of how to determine how best to satisfy domestic energy demand whilst still leaving sufficient oil and gas left over for export. This is a circle few hydrocarbon producers have …
In the early days of oil tanker operations it was a common practice to clean tanks by means of jets spraying seawater. The jets washed the oil residues from the tank surfaces, resulting in a mixture of oil and water which collected at the bottom of the tank and was then pumped overboard. This naturally …
An oil or gas reservoir has to be capped by impervious rock in order to form an effective seal that prevents the gas from escaping upward or laterally
Passive Solar Heating presents the most cost effective means of providing heat to buildings. Generally, the amount of solar energy that falls on the roof of a house is more than the total energy consumed within the house. Passive solar applications, when included in initial building design, adds little or nothing to the cost of …
There are two types of biomass: raw or primary biomass and secondary biomass. Raw biomass consists mainly of trees and shrubs from forests, or crops such as grasses, legumes, oilseeds, cereal grains, rushes etc. It can also be aquatic materials such as kelp, seaweed or algae. It can even be animal manure. Raw biomass is …
There are two types of biomass: raw or primary biomass and secondary biomass. Secondary biomass is any material that was derived from raw biomass but has undergone significant chemical and physical changes. Secondary biomass includes paper and cardboard, leather, pulping liquors, cotton, linen, hemp, natural rubber products, cellulose-derived casings, used cooking oils, tall oil, cheese …
All these terms refer to long term LNG contracts. LNG projects require substantial capital investments in liquefaction trains and other supply infrastructure, which developers must have assurance that they can recover. Therefore most LNG is traded under long term contracts, typically of 10-20 years duration.
Used for drilling vertical holes. A vertical well is always the preferred, easiest and cheapest option. No petroleum engineer or geologist is going to recommend horizonal wells when and where vertical wells will efficiently drain the reservoir. even with greater efficiency, the additional cost of a horizontal well may not–even probably will not, warrant the …
