Petroleum Resource Rent Tax; Progressive tax; R-Factor; ROR rate of return

The ideal method of taxation is one based on resource rent tax which includes also any windfall profit. This progressive tax levied on profits is implemented around the world in two main ways: the R-Factor (The R-Factor is the ratio of cumulative revenue to cumulative expenditure)in which the entrepreneur starts paying a special tax only …

Total Energy Efficiency (natural gas advantages over electricity)

This is especially important since in terms of total energy efficiency measured directly from the source, natural gas is often much more efficient than electricity. Indeed, natural gas is extremely efficient, losing very little of its energy value as it reaches its point of end use. Electricity, on the other hand, measured from the point …

Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

3.5 billion people live in countries rich in oil, gas and minerals. With good governance the exploitation of these resources can generate large revenues to foster growth and reduce poverty. However, when governance is weak, it may result in poverty, corruption, and conflict. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) aims to strengthen governance by improving …

Factory Acceptance Tests

From the time of fabrication of a pipeline until its operation, it undergoes a number of tests. The first test is potentially the Factory Acceptance Test, which mostly consists of the inspection, testing and reporting of the system according to the drawings, specifications and requirements of the contract