China’s oil and gas industry is controlled by 3 national companies: CNCP, Sinopec and CNOOC. CNCP and Sinopec operate nearly all of China’s refineries and pipeline systems and CNOOC competes on the international scene. In addition to these three national companies, in 2005 the first private O&G company started operations (Great Wall Petroleum Group). China …
BrightSource Industries, formerly known as Luz II, designs and manufactures thermal solar power plants. These generate electrical power by using solar energy to convert water to superheated steam. Solar fields reflect sunlight onto a receiver located on the top of a Power Tower. Each Power Tower module is linked by pipelines to a central location …
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Salt water (especially sodium chloride)
A broker is an agent or facilitator in a deregulated energy market who acts as an intermediary between energy producers and energy consumers, or alternately between any two parties engaged at any point in the distribution chain between producer and consumer. Unlike marketers, brokers never actually own the commodity traded between the parties, or the …
A partial temporary reduction in system voltage. In most cases, brownouts are deliberately produced by energy providers as an emergency measure to prevent the system from failing completely (blacking out). Typically a utility will decrease system voltage by 10-25%, usually for a short period of time
Refers to the idea that emissions reductions anywhere within a specific area count toward compliance. For example, if a plant with multiple emissions sources is treated as being “under a emissions bubble”, regulators assess only the total emissions of the plant, not the emissions of each individual source, in determining compliance. Bubble also refers to …
With the build-own-operate model, a private company is granted the right to develop, finance, design, build, own, operate, and maintain an infrastructure project. The private sector partner owns the project outright and retains the operating revenue risk and all of the surplus operating revenue in perpetuity. This approach is more common in the power and …
Energy market which is restricted to wholesale suppliers and retailers (resellers) and a few select large-scale customers. Retailers who acquire energy on the wholesale market for resale elsewhere are typically responsible for providing any ancillary services needed by their eventual customers. These services can include peak supply and back-up service which may also be acquired …
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Including a variety of services in combination. In electricity, the supplier might combine generation, transmission, distribution, and related customer service and support functions. In natural gas it could include the bundling of exploration and production, transmission, distribution, generation. It also signifies providing a unit of gas to the customer at a price that includes the …
A vessel used to bury pipeline beneath the seafloor. The barge moves itself forward by means of anchors. A jet sled is lowered over the pipeline, and as the barge pulls it over the pipe, high-pressure jets of water remove soil from beneath the pipe, allowing the pipe to fall into the jetted-out trench.
