Effective porosity – Porosity is a rock’s ability to store fluids within it. Effective porosity is the volume containable through the interconnected pores, and is usually less than total porosity. Thus, porosity alone is not enough to ensure that fluids can move through a rock structure. These pores must be interconnected in order to have …
Although EGPC, which was established in 1962, has since lost the oil sector in Upper Egypt, the gas sector to Egas and the petrochemical sector to Echem, EGPC remains a huge concern. It is integrated with major upstream and downstream oil operations. It functions as a holding group and has almost 30 operating subsidiaries and …
A body of rock that cuts across the layers of its surroundings. Most dikes are made of magma, but some are made of sediments. The sandstone dikes were put emplaced as hydrocarbons and gases moved into the thick sand bed soon after it was buried and the sand dike rose into the overlying mud while …
inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically
Intentional deviation of a wellbore from the vertical. Although wellbores are normally drilled vertically, it is sometimes necessary or advantageous to drill at an angle from the vertical. Controlled directional drilling makes it possible to reach subsurface areas laterally remote from the point where the bit enters the earth
A wellbore intentionally drilled at an angle from the vertical
Sedimentary rock with clay minerals in pores, even small quantities of which can reduce porosity and permeability
Dirty cargoes comprise crude oil or heavy, viscous petroleum products (heavy fuel oil, for example, which coats the sides of the cargo tanks). Those petroleum products which leave significant amounts of residue in tanks. Generally applies to crude oil and residual fuel oil. Vessels carrying dirty cargoes may be referred to as dirty vessels
Most, if not all, oil and gas producers have to account for the estimated future cost of dismantling and removing oil and gas production and related facilities and equipment and restoring land to its previous condition. Estimated future dismantlement, removal, and restoration costs have characteristics that distinguish them from other costs associated with the acquisition …
The control for an integrated electric system to schedule transactions with other interconnected electric utilities and order generation from specific power plants to achieve the most reliable and economical supply of electricity as the demand curve for electricity rises or falls.
