Category: Oil and Gas business

No petroleum shall be produced from any well at more than its maximum efficient rate of production.

Field/well that is only marginally productive or profitable. As technology improves though more marginal fields are able to be developed profitably. In addition, some countries that originally had a price cap on oil or gas are removing the cap to incentivize international oil companies to undertake further exploration activities. A good example of this is India where the price of oil to the local market was capped for many years at approximately $35/bbl. Development of a marginal field often offers a unique set of challenges. In addition premature abandonment of marginal fields is a growing problem in many countries. Marginality is inter alia based on size of field and proximity to market

Metering stations are placed periodically along interstate natural gas pipelines to allow pipeline companies to monitor and manage the natural gas in their pipes.

The geomorphic process by which soil or rock move down slope under the force of gravity; examples include slumping or landslides

There are two main classifications for marine sediments, terrigenous and pelagic. Terrigenous sediments are derived from land and found near shore. Pelagic sediments settle slowly out of the water column and are deposited all over the ocean. Pelagic sediments are deposited at such low rates that they tend to be overwhelmed near shore by terrigenous deposits from land. So, pelagic sediments are normally associated with deep sea regions. There are four main compositional groups for marine sediments: Lithogenous sediment that is derived from rocks. Biogenous sediment that is derived from living organisms, normally planktonic organisms. Hydrogenous sediment are derived from the ions in seawater. Cosmogenous sediments, which from the Earth being continually bombarded from space by meteors and cosmic dust. Some of this material doesn’t burn up in the atmosphere and reaches the oceans, where it can settle down to the ocean floor. Cosmogenous sediment is never a dominant type of sediment — it is never more than a tiny fraction

The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, is a gas (at standard temperature and pressure) with a chemical formula of CH 4. However, when averaged over 100 years each kg of CH4 warms the earth 23 times as much as the same mass of CO2. Methane is a GHG with a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of 10+ years. The primary sources of methane are landfills, coal mines, natural gas systems and livestock.

A term used in reference to a rock unit that is homogeneous in texture, fabric and material

The quantities of fuel supplied to sea-going ships, whatever their flag and category.

This does not cover amounts supplied for internal transport by water or coastal vessels, nor for air traffic, even international.