05.07.2009
A flammable liquid hydrocarbon found in petroleum
Fuels that cannot be easily made or “renewed,” such as oil, natural gas, and coal. Once they have been burnt they cannot be replaced
Two different concepts to encourage poor countries to cut their emissions. The first would entail them being awarded if they hit their targets, but not punished if they miss them and the second would entail poor countries accepting limitations on emissions from certain industries, such as iron and steel, but not from their economies on a whole
Process of identifying potential obstacles
Refers to the requirement that a utility provide electric service to any customer who wants that service and has the means to pay for it. In some cases, it extends to include customers who need that service but are unable to pay for it. Traditionally, utilities operating as regional monopolies have been placed under an obligation to serve as a means of insuring universal access to essential services. Where this obligation is imposed by regulation or a negotiated agreement, it is usually accompanied by an additional obligation to make a suitable quantity and quality of energy available to its customers. Obligation to serve is not a universally-applied concept; not all customers in deregulated markets may be entitled to receive the service they received under regulation, and in fact customers in some regions may not be entitled to any type or quality service