Category: General

Fuels obtained from primary sources for example, electricity generated from burning coal, gas or oil

Control and reduction of risks at specific sites and/or work processes

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Energy which has been produced from primary energy in a conversion process, such as electricity, petrol, hydrogen

Second generation biofuels will process the cellulose found in many plants and should lead to far more efficient production than regular biofuels using a much greater range of plants and plant waste.

Safety Distances

There are three safety distance measures used:

•House Burning Distance (HBD), the safe distance between a house and the energy infrastructure, such as a natural gas pipeline;

•Safe Escape Distance (SED), which refers to the safety range for population exposed to existing energy structures;

•Safe Distance (ESD), which refers to a range in which there are no potential ignitable and flammable sources.

Demand for energy is usual seasonal, depending very much on weather conditions. In Israel for instance, demand for electricity is seasonal. The highest levels of demand are in summer (due to the use of air conditioners) and in winter (due to the use of heaters) compared to transitional seasons. Not only is average demand higher in winter and summer, but the days of extreme heat or cold are also responsible for periods of peak demand. IEC’s income in the different seasons is also affected by changes in the rates for consumers who pay according to load and time (LTR), who represent about 58.6% of total consumption, since the LTR rates are higher on average in summer than in the transitional seasons. In this context, the four seasons are defined summer (July to September), winter (December to March), and the transitional seasons – spring (April to June) and fall (October to November). Traditionally around the world, natural gas has been a seasonal fuel, namely with higher consumption during winter partly because it is used for heat in residential and commercial settings. In Israel too gas consumed by Israel Electric differs with the changing rate of electricity consumption depending on the seasons and according to IEC’s maintenance program. The third quarter of the year (the summer months) sees the highest rate of electricity consumption and thus gas consumption in Israel.