There are three basic institutional options for organizing network access, such as access to the European electricity market: the single buyer procedure, the negotiated third-party access and the regulated third-party access (see also negotiated third party access and regulated third party access)
Coal that is ground to a powder and mixed with water. In this form, coal can be pumped through a pipeline. A mixture of suspended solids and liquids
The spark spread reflects the costs or anticipated costs of producing power from a specific facility. It can be used as a method of converting millions of Btus to megawatt hours and vice versa, and thus relates well to the electricity and natural gas futures contracts. The spread is simply the heat rate of a specific generating unit or power system (the number of Btus needed to make one kilowatt hour of electricity), multiplied by the cost of energy expressed as dollars per British thermal units (Btus). The usefulness of the spread evaluation is dependent on the market price for power which reflects the relationship of the supply and demand for power, not the efficiencies of the generating units. Other costs affecting the price of power using the spark spread evaluation include those of gas transportation, power transmission, plant operations and maintenance, and fixed costs.
