Category: General

Trading whereby two parties – for example a generator and supplier – enter into a contract to deliver electricity at an agreed time in the future

Used in construction (road building) and in the manufacturing of insulation materials

A vehicle with two separate fuel systems designed to run on either fuel, using only one fuel at a time. A vehicle that employs a combustion engine system together with an electric propulsion system.

Dedicated natural gas vehicles are designed to run on natural gas only, while dual-fuel or bi-fuel vehicles can also run on gasoline or diesel. Dual-fuel vehicles allow users to take advantage of the wide-spread availability of gasoline or diesel but use a cleaner, more economical alternative when natural gas is available. Since natural gas is stored in high-pressure fuel tanks, dual-fuel vehicles require two separate fueling systems, which take up passenger/cargo space.

Constitutes about 10% – 15% of the overall ash, has an appearance similar to dark gray coarse sand and its particles are clusters of micron-sized granules, up to 10 mm in diameter

Organic matter formed from in the process of petroleum generation and includes asphalt which is used for paving roads

Liquefied petroleum gases propane and butane, contained under moderate pressure (about 125 pounds per square inch and 30 pounds per square inch respectively), in cylinders

The application of plant and animal fossils to date and correlate strata, combining the principles of paleontology and stratigraphy. In the petroleum industry, biostratigraphy often denotes the use of terrestrial and marine microfossils to determine the absolute or relative age and depositional environment of a particular formation, source rock or reservoir of interest.

The term BtL is applied to synthetic fuels made from biomass through a thermo chemical route. The objective is to produce fuel components that are similar to those of current fossil-derived petrol (gasoline) and diesel fuels and hence can be used in existing fuel distribution systems and with standard engines. They are also known as synfuels. Although the processes for production of BtL are well known and have been applied using fossil-feedstocks, such as methane (GtL) or coal, commercial biofuels based on these technologies are not currently available in the market place. Biomass to Liquid is one of the most promising processes available in the fuel sector. The greatest advantages of the resulting synthetic biofuel lie in the high biomass yield (up to 4000 liters per hectare), its high potential to reduce CO2 emissions by over 90% and its high quality, which is not subject to any limitations of use in either today’s engine or foreseeable next-generation engines