05.07.2009

Distillation is the process of heating a liquid until it boils, capturing and cooling the resultant hot vapors, and collecting the condensed vapors. Distillation is a powerful tool, both for the identification and the purification of organic compounds. The boiling point of a compound—determined by distillation—is well-defined and thus is one of the physical properties of a compound by which it is identified. Distillation is used to purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material. When different compounds in a mixture have different boiling points, they separate into individual components when the mixture is carefully distilled. The first step in the refining process. During distillation, crude oil is heated in the base of a distillation tower. As the temperature increases, the crude’s various compounds vaporize in succession at their various boiling points, then rise to prescribed levels within the tower according to their densities, condense in distillation trays, and are drawn off individually for further refining

Refers to the notion that environmental taxes can both reduce pollution (the first dividend) and reduce the overall economic costs associated with the tax system by using the revenue generated to displace other more distortionary taxes that slow economic growth at the same time (the second dividend).

Fourth largest LPG company in Israel that controls 30% of the industrial market and 5% of the household market

Dor Gas is a young and leading company in the energy market in Israel which was purchased by Dor Alon in 1999. Dor Gas thus now part of the Dor Alon Group, is the principal marketer of gas to the industrial and institutional markets in Israel, also servinga large population of more than 100,000 private consumers through its branches and distributors throughout Israel. Since commencing operations, the company set itself a target to maintain a momentum of progress and innovation in such areas as developing a regional gas system for home use (central gas delivery by means of underground pipes to neighborhoods and settlements), cogeneration (producing electricity by utilizing the residual heat of the gas system), preparing for the natural gas era and promoting use of gas powered vehicles. The company specializes in providing engineering services for consulting, design and erection of LPG systems in the industrial sector, analyzing customer needs and constructing optimal solutions vis-a-vis alternative uses. Dor Gas also supplies LPG to the Palestinian Authority. In the area of gas safety, the company has developed together with the Ap.A.L. Hadas start-up company, the Gasotek advanced safety system for automatic disconnection of gas, an innovative development in the field of gas safety, the first of its kind in the world, which ensures comprehensive maximum protection against malfunctions, in the event of gas leaks and risk of combustion. Dor Gas operates under the Speedogas label a fleet of gas powered vehicles and has established a countrywide network of LPG refueling stations for such vehicles. The company is owned by Dudi Weissman and Shraga Biran (86%), analyst 4.6% and the pubic 9.4%. Dor Gas has a 4% share in the Tamar drilling license

Namely, when the tariff levied on the transmission of the energy (electricity, fuel, gas) is based on the distance covered by the energy rather than being a postalized tariff where the price is identical for all consumers regardless of their distance away from the source of supply. A transmission tariff could be distance-sensitive or not depending on the policy decided upon by the regulator

Dor Chemicals Group manufactures and markets petrochemical products used as raw materials in the pharmaceutical, plastics, wood, drugs, and food industries. The company’s products include formaldehyde, methanol, paraformaldehyde, pure hydrogen, and methyle bromide. Dor Chemicals was founded in 1973 and is based in Haifa, Israel. It operates as a subsidiary of Dankner Group.

One of the main strategies of countries to ensure security of energy supply is to diversity the type of fuel (coal, oil, gas, etc.) and the number of suppliers for each fuel. Europe for instance is especially concerned due to its growing dependence on Russia which supplies 25% of the EU’s natural gas needs and fears that Gazprom is attempting to increase its power by winning access to Nigeria’s vast gas supplies. In addition, Russia is also backing moves to form an OPEC-style gas cartel and after the conflict in the summer of 2008 with Georgia, Russia is seen as wanting to re-assert its influence over energy supply routes through the southern Caucasus, which has raised concerns over the EU’s plans for the Nabucco gas pipeline from central Asia