05.07.2009

At standard temperature and pressure it is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, univalent, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas. Having been used as an ingredient in some rocket fuels for several decades, hydrogen, or more specifically H2, is now widely discussed in the context of energy. Hydrogen is not an energy source, since it is not an abundant natural resource and more energy is used to produce it than can be ultimately extracted from it. Hydrogen is obtained by splitting water (H2O) into hydrogen and oxygen. This action requires at least all the energy obtained from burning the hydrogen so that hydrogen is an energy transfer medium rather than a primary source of energy. Therefore, the use of hydrogen as an intermediate is justified only when there is some reason not to use the primary source directly (such as nuclear or solar power plant), while hydrogen can be used as a motor fuel so that the energy is likely to be generated far from where it is used and at a different time. The advantage of using hydrogen in vehicles is that when it is burned the main product is water

Such as the indexation to a basket of fuels, or the indexation to the CPI, or the indexation of natural gas to oil

A leading global source of critical information and insight for customers in a broad range of industries. IHS’s customer product and service solutions span four major areas of information: energy, product lifecycle management, environmental and security

The energy supplier who at a specific time is contracted to supply energy to a consumer

The additional cost of producing and/or transmitting electric energy above some previously determined base cost. The cost of the next kilowatt-hour of generated energy, also referred to in the industry as the next unit. Incremental costs change as production increases or decreases, but these changes don’t always occur in a predictable pattern. As an example, incremental costs typically decrease as production rises to comfortable capacity. But once that limit is reached, incremental costs increase because additional costs (construction of new facilities, costs of stressing production facilities, etc.) need to be factored into the cost of the next unit

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Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in the US at the end of August 2005 and was the most destructive natural disaster in the history of the US causing immense damage to oil and gas platforms, rigs and even refineries with a total estimated $100 billion in damage and caused natural gas prices to soar that summer to over $15 mmbtu