Category: Electricity

A major factor in the planning of a country’s electricity system is the cost of the non supply of electricity. This cost can change over time and depends inter alia on the existing back-up system and the economic cost of the damages that are caused due to the non supply of the energy. A study conducted in 1993 showed that the cost of one KWH of non supplied electricity to the Israeli market is $6.50-7.20. In August 2007 an external consultant calculated this cost to be $25 per KWH not supplied

Relates to the lens in photovoltaic solar energy. It is the most common type of concentration ratio

The proper planning of the electricity economy has the objective to ensure the constant supply of electricity. Those responsible for the development of the electricity sector must ensure that consumption can be met especially during peak hours and it is thus incumbent to deal with two main subject matters: the supply of electricity, based inter alia on the expected installed generation capacity as well as the capacity of the transmission and distribution networks; the level of reliability of the electricity system which relies on proper maintenance and prevention of even unexpected malfunctions. The planner must also take into consideration electricity generation reserves which enable to carry out maintenance, cater for exceptional consumption demands and dealing with malfunctions. The planning of the electricity market is done based on trying to achieve financial optimization of the market place as a whole whilst understanding the cost of the non-supply of electricity. The more this non-supply costs, the higher level of reliability is required of the system and thus more electricity reserves are required.

Corex process is a special manufacturing process for making the production of iron more environmentally friendly by using conventional coal instead of coking coal, the customary ingredient. This plant burns uncoked coal, which means that the coking plant – one of the primary sources of emissions from an iron and steel plant – is now redundant. Corex is a smelting reduction process: Coal gasification, iron ore reduction, and liquefaction of the resulting iron are combined in one process. The gases produced can immediately be used for heating or for generating electricity in a gas and steam turbine power plant.

Israel Electric Corporation (IEC) has installed a warning system to inform citizens regarding the level of reserves available. The system is based on four colors: condition green (regular electricity supply); condition yellow (consumption demand is close to available supply capacity and IEC is acting to balance the system); condition orange (consumption demand is close to the generation capacity limit and electricity blackouts are possible. IEC will update consumers so that they may act in a timely manner); condition red (consumption is higher than generation capacity and there are blackouts in certain areas. IEC is asking the cooperation of the public to re-balance the system)