05.07.2009
Expression for Israeli produced goods
An uncontrolled flow of reservoir fluids into the wellbore, and sometimes catastrophically to the surface. A blowout may consist of salt water, oil, gas or a mixture of these. Blowouts occur in all types of exploration and production operations, not just during drilling operations. If reservoir fluids flow into another formation and do not flow to the surface, the result is called an underground blowout. A blowout can occur when formation pressure exceeds the pressure applied to it by the column of drilling fluid.
Most blow-outs are due to gas, not to oil, but it is the oil associated in the gas that causes the pollution. The gas will just be emitted unseen into the air. In a drilling for natural gas, one needs to remember that gas is rarely found without oil
A large valve at the top of a well that may be closed if the drilling crew loses control of formation fluids. Casinghead equipment that prevents the uncontrolled flow of oil, gas or mud from the well. By closing this valve (usually operated remotely via hydraulic actuators), the drilling crew usually regains control of the reservoir and procedures can then be initiated to increase the mud density until it is possible to open the BOP and retain pressure control of the formation.
A blowdown is the act of releasing / purging natural gas from a section of pipeline so work can be done safely. A loud noise occurs when the natural gas, which is compressed into the pipe at very high pressure, escapes through the opening. As the natural gas rushes through the blowdown valve, a gas plume extends upward of 30 to 60 meters (100 to 200 feet). This gas release is similar to letting air out of a car tire: the most forceful rush of air occurs at the very beginning, then the flow gradually slows down. The first 30 to 60 minutes of the blowdown are the loudest, but the entire blowdown may last up to three hours. After the natural gas is released, a funnel-shaped air expeller is placed on top of the blowdown valve opening. This machine is used to draw any remaining gas out of the pipe to make it absolutely safe for activities such as welding.
When a governmental body offers exploration acreage for leasing by exploration and production companies, typically in return for a licensing fee and an obligation to perform a set program. This program can include acquisition of seismic data or drilling a well. Exploration licenses are initially of limited duration (about 3-5 years) after which there might be a requirement to return half or more of the licensed acreage to the state after the licensee has selected the area in which he wants to pursue his activities. If hydrocarbons are discovered, a separate production license or production-sharing agreement is usually drawn up before development can proceed
A geographical area that includes several separate oil and gas license tracts
These stations consist of pipeline block valves at 15 to 20 miles along the pipeline (to isolate the pipeline in case of accidents) and a secondary pipe system (bypass) designed to balance pressures when reopening the valve
There are different types of block valves which, when closed, may stop the oil from flowing in either direction. Types include remote gate valves, manual gate valves, and station block valves (for both suction and discharge). When closed, the valve can block oil flow in both directions. Block valves include manual gate valves, remote gate valves and station block valves (suction valves and discharge valves).