A submersible rig is a mobile drilling platform that is towed to the well site where it is submerged by flooding its lower hull tanks until it rests on the sea floor, with the upper hull above the water surface. After completion of the drilling operation, the rig is refloated by pumping the water out of the lower hull, so that it can be towed to another location. Submersible rigs typically operate in water depths of 12 to 85 feet.
A particular type of floating vessel, usually used as a mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) that is supported primarily on large pontoon-like structures submerged below the sea-surface. The operating decks are elevated 100 or more feet [30 m] above the pontoons on large steel columns. Once on the desired location, this type of structure is slowly flooded until it rests on the seafloor. After the well is completed, the water is pumped out of the buoyancy tanks the vessel refloated and towed to the next location. Submersibles, as they are known informally, operate in relatively shallow water, since they must actually rest on the seafloor
Gradual transition process that IEC is to undergo in its corporate structure leading to the company operating several generation subsidiaries which will operate on the basis of a similar fuel mix and which will operate as essential service providers. The company will later establish and operate several distribution subsidiaries which will each operate in a defined geographic area and in addition a transmission subsidiary. In addition the management of the company’s systems, commerce and other functions relating to development in the electricity sector and planning will also be under a separate company
A force acting upon or within a mass or rock, expressed in terms of unit weight per surface area such as tons per square inch. Stress is any force which acts to deform rocks: (1) Compression – a stress that acts to press or squeeze rocks together. (2) Tension – a stress that acts to stretch a rock, or pull a rock apart. (3) Shear – a stress which acts tangential to a plane through a body, causing two contiguous parts to slide past each other
US holds strategic reserves of oil and gas. The reserve achieved its originally mandated goal of 90 days of import protection in 1983 and reached 118 days’ supply in 1985 before Congress discontinued funding to buy oil and purchases were suspended in 1994. Current reserves as of beginning of 2008 stand at about 58 days of domestic demand. The amount currently being placed in the SPR of 70,000 b/d of royalty-in-kind oil is less than one tenth of one percent of the daily global demand of 85 million b/d. The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve is the largest stockpile of government-owned emergency crude oil in the world. Established in the aftermath of the 1973-74 oil embargo, the SPR provides the President with a powerful response option should a disruption in commercial oil supplies threaten the U.S. economy. It also allows the United States to meet part of its International Energy Agency obligation to maintain emergency oil stocks, and it provides a national defense fuel reserve. The SPR has a total capacity of 727 million barrels
SSVs are the fleet of offshore support vessels that provide what is known as ‘good prospect of rescue and recovery’ for the personnel onboard offshore installations platforms whilst carrying out their work on site.
A wellhead installed on the sea floor and controlled remotely from a platform, a floating production facility or land
