The energy absorbed by tissue from ionizing radiation. One gray is one joule per kg, but this is adjusted for the effect of different kinds of radiation, and thus the sievert is the unit of dose equivalent used in setting exposure standards
Devon Energy Corporation is one of the world’s leading independent oil and gas exploration and production companies. Devon’s operations are focused primarily in the United States and Canada; however, the company also explores for and produces oil and natural gas in select international areas. Devon is also one of North America’s larger processors of natural gas liquids and over 90 percent of Devon’s production is from North America. The company’s production mix is about 65 percent natural gas and 35 percent oil and natural gas liquids, such as propane, butane and ethane. Devon produces over 2.5 billion cubic feet of natural gas each day, about 3 percent of all the gas consumed in North America. Headquartered in Oklahoma City, Devon has approximately 5,500 employees worldwide. Devon is a Fortune 500 company and is included in the S&P 500 Index. Its common shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol DVN
Dalit is part of the Michal 308 license. It was discovered in April 2009 in 1,581 metres of water and 51km from the shore.
Noble Energy as the operator of Dalit announced on 14th April 2009 the flow test results from the Dalit natural gas discovery in the Michal license offshore Israel. Of the previously reported 110 feet of net pay identified, testing procedures were performed over a limited 43-foot section of the reservoir. The tests, which yielded a flow rate of 33 million cubic feet per day (Mmcf/d) of natural gas, were limited by testing equipment available on the rig. Performance modeling indicates the well can be ultimately completed to achieve a production rate of about 200 Mmcf/d. Based on log and test results, Dalit is estimated to contain gross mean resources of approximately 500 billion cubic feet of natural gas (14.2 bcm). Drilling of Dalit had reached a depth of 3,660 m lower than the originally planned td of 3,800 m and about 550 km off the coast of Hadera. The partners in the Michal License are the same as the Tamar license (see Tamar). In December 2009 Noble, Delek and partners received the lease to the Matan and Michal licenses. The Tamar and Dalit lease each extend over an area of 250,000 dunam. The lease includes, inter alia, provisions regarding time tables that need to be met to develop the lease, regarding construction and operation of the facilities, carrying out surveys, reports, responsibilities, insurances, etc. The lease has been granted according to the Petroleum Law-1952 and they grant the partners the right to produce oil and natural gas in the lease area for a period of 30 years with a right to extend this period for an additional 20 years, in accordance with the provisions of the Petroleum Law. On 14th December 2009 Delek Drilling reported to the TASE that the Tamar and Dalit partnership would sign a binding deal with Dalia in the next two months after Dalia secures statutory permits and funding. Revenues from the sale of gas to the tune of 200 billion cubic feet (5.6 billion cubic meters) to be sold over 17 years as of the date of operation of the station that should be sometime during the second half of 2012. According to the MOU, the quantity of gas might be slightly smaller than this quantity based on the operational hours of the station that will be established, its gas use scope and the final size of the station, or that the quantity of gas may indeed be significantly higher than this amount, up to even three times the amount quoted here. The partners estimate that the revenue for the sale of 5.6 bcm will be about $1 billion but that it is to be clarified that the actual revenue will stem from the total of a large number of factors including those specified above and including the price of energy. Based on this, one can estimate that the price per mmbtu is an average of about $4.8 or between a floor of $4.00 and going up to about $5.00 mmbtu, depending on the indexation.
On 24th December, IEC signed a LOI with the Tamar project (Tamar and Dalit partners). According to the LOI signed with the Tamar partners the parties will carry out negotiations for the sale of gas from the Tamar project to IEC for 2.7 bcm per year and which could be even significantly higher and for a period which will not be less than 15 years. The scope of the income is esteemed to be between $400 million – $750 million per year, but it is clarified that the exact amount will stem from the global price of fuels on the actual date of supply of the gas and the exact quantities of gas that will be purchased by IEC. The operator of the Tamar project, Noble estimates that the total extent of sales to IEC based on the LOI will be approximately $9.5 billion based on their estimation of the actual price of fuels when the supply of gas will take place throughout the contract period.
Delek and Avner will have to pay an overriding royalty of 0.48% each to Dor Chemicals that transferred to them in 2007 their rights in Tamar and Dalit. Namely, this amounts to a future revenue stream for Dor Chemical of 0.15% of the income that will stem from these fields.
Notification is hereby made on the 19.2.2010 that a letter of intention was signed between the partners in the Tamar and the Dalit project with the Darom Ltd. power station and Dimona Silica Industries (DSI). According to the LOI the buyers will buy natural gas for a power station they intend to establish as well as for the buyers’ industrial plant. According to the LoI, the buyers intend to buy a minimum amount of natural gas of 100 bcf (about 2.8 bcm) and this over a period of 17 years. Moreover, the parties agreed in their LoI on the conditions whereas the buyers may buy larger quantities of gas for the buyers potential additional projects.
According to the LoI, the amount of gas that the buyers are entitled to buy – and which will be determined de facto inter alia based on the scope of the buyers’ additional projects that will actually be established, on the power station’s operational hours, on the amount of gas to be used by the power station and by the other projects – may be even significantly larger, potentially even twice as much as the quantity specified above. The revenue for the sale of 100 bcf of gas is estimated today by the Tamar partners as $0.5 billion (for 100% of the rights in the Tamar project). It is to be clarified that the actual revenues wills stem a number of factors including those specified above, the cost of energy, etc. The letter of intent is non binding and the parties intend carrying out immediate negotiations with the objective to sign a binding supply agreement within the next two months.
The buyers are DSI Dimona Sillica Industries, a private company registered in Israel which intends to set up a silica company in Dimona and the Darom power station company, a private company registered in Israel and which intends to set up a 120 MW cogeneration power station within the confines of the industrial plant.
Delek Drilling 2010 Report
Dalit 1 C 6.14 bcm contingent resources + 6.01 bcm prospective resources
3C 9.48 bcm + 9.46 bcm
After the drilling of Dalit 1, Noble stated that it estimated that the gross mean resources in the Dalit prospect is 14.2 bcm however in March 2011 NSAI estimated that the Dalit structure was separated into a number of fault blocks and that it is possible that the blocks that are not linked to the main block in which the Dalit 1 drilling took place and that the quality of the fields is different to that of the main block and that there is a very small chance that no hydrocarbons at all will be found in this blocks. In light of the above, NSAI classified some of the gas resources as contingent development pending which are contingent on the approval of a project that will include approval of a development plan and reasonable expectation to be able to sell the gas, and part of the resources as prospective resources
According to the government, provisional data implies that there are oil and gas deposits in a sea area separating the island from Egypt to its south and Lebanon to its east. Cyprus thus opened its first licensing round in 2007, offering 12 areas for exploration, with permits being issued by the end of 2007. The matter may increase tension with Turkey that is claiming they also have rights offshore the island since their invasion of the northern part of the Island in 1974. The licensing round is based on the PGS MC2D acquisition which involved approximately 7000 line-km’s of MC2D seismic data covering an area of 60,000 km2 over the Eratosthenes structure, Levant Basin, and the prolific Nile Delta. The survey is available from November, 2006 and ties all the wells in the Deepwater Nemed Block in Egypt. Noble Energy has been granted one of the blocks offshore Cyprus (block #12). Cyprus is also considering setting up an LNG regasification facility and is in discussions with Egypt for the potential supply of gas. In addition the monopoly Cyprus electricity company which supplies 600,000 consumers is converting some of its power stations to use natural gas, a process which should be completed by 2013, at which stage Cyprus will require between 1 to 1.5 bcm of gas per year
First introduced in the late 1940’s, continuous miners provided a quantum leap in the speed and efficiency of extracting coal. Modern versions operate on basically the same principal as their predecessors using a large rotating steel drum equipped with tungsten carbide steel teeth or cutting bits to cut the coal. Continuous mining currently accounts for about 49% of total U.S. underground coal production each year. Standard continuous miners can extract coal at a rate of up to 38 tons a minute depending upon the seam thickness. In underground mining, first and foremost in the modernization process are the machines that extract coal: primarily the continuous and longwall miners.
Energy produced from fossil fuels
Relates to the lens in photovoltaic solar energy. It is the most common type of concentration ratio
