05.07.2009

Control and monitoring is a real asset for oil and gas pipelines, which typically consist of aboveground and/or underground piping, block valve and scraper trap stations, pumping (for oil) and compressor stations (for gas), storage, and oil and gas distribution facilities to the end users.

A map constructed with continuous lines connecting points of equal value, such as elevation, formation thickness, and rock porosity. Geologists use contour maps of the earth’s surface to make informed guesses as to the likelihood of hydrocarbon traps in an area

A line on a map that represents a constant value of the parameter being mapped. This line includes points of equal value and separates points of higher value from points of lower value. Contours are commonly drawn on maps to portray the structural configuration of the Earth’s surface or formations in the subsurface.

Region of the outer edge of a continent between the generally shallow continental shelf and the deep ocean floor, usually demarcated by the 200-m (660-ft) isobaths (the line on a map or chart that connects all points having the same depth below the surface of a body of water).

Such as a tax that the MNI wants to levy on consumers who consume excessive amounts of electricity, within the government’s framework of wanting to reduce electricity consumption in Israel by 20% by 2020.

In the public sector, a conflict of interest represents a situation in which a public or private official’s decisions are influenced by the official’s personal interests. A conflict of interest that could prevent an entity from participating in a tender could arise because the entity is already involved in another link of the chain of the same field. For instance of an entity is natural gas producer in Israel he may be prevented, due to a conflict of interest clause, from participating in a tender for the selection of standards in the natural gas sector

Subsea pipelines are coated with reinforced concrete so as to ballast and protect them from damage and corrosion. Concrete weight coating systems provide the following advantages: sub-sea stability, prevention of damage by ship’s anchors, no need for trenching of the pipeline and requires less steel