05.07.2009
One billion watt-hours or one million kilowatt-hours
One million kilowatt, one billion watts. Giga means one billion units. For instance 2,500 million KwH is equal 2,500 Gwh… kilo, mega, giga, tera is 1,000 each one (thus kilowatt is equal to 1000 watt, etc.)
One billion joules, approximately equal to 948,211 British thermal units. One million Btus equals 1.0546175 GJ.
The world’s largest oil field situated in Saudi Arabia. Has been in production already for 57 years. The field is still producing near its peak as engineers have been able to keep output stable with enhanced recovery methods
The progressive increase of temperature with depth into the Earth
The word geothermal comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and therme (heat), thus geothermal energy is heat from within the earth. We can use the steam and hot water produced inside the earth to heat buildings or generate electricity. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because the water is replenished by rainfall and the heat is continuously produced inside the earth. Geothermal power supplies less than 1% of the world’s power. Electricity has been generated successfully from a producing oil well’s geothermal hot water for the first time in October 2008. DOE’s Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center and Ormat Technologies used a standard commercial Ormat Organic Rankine Cycle power plant, using hot water from a producing oil well to exchange heat in an Ormat Energy Converter. This project is unique in its production of onsite renewable power and has the potential to increase the productivity and longevity of existing US oil fields. Harnessing hot water produced during production to power the oil field could lead to more economical access, especially in older, depleted fields. A large number of US oil and gas fields produce hot water as well as hydrocarbons. DOE said that while the unit at NRR-3 is the first to use geothermal water from a producing oil field, it is similar to a 250 kw Ormat unit which has generated electricity at an Austrian resort from 210 degree F geothermal water for more than six years. Similar units have been in continuous operation in Nevada and Thailand since the 1980s.
Geopressurized zones are natural underground formations that are under unusually high pressure for their depth. These areas are formed by layers of clay that are deposited and compacted very quickly on top of more porous, absorbent material such as sand or silt. Water and natural gas that is present in this clay is squeezed out by the rapid compression of the clay, and enters the more porous sand or silt deposits. This natural gas, due to the compression of the clay, is deposited in this sand or silt under very high pressure (hence the term ‘geopressure’). In addition to having these properties, geopressurized zones are typically located at great depths, usually 10,000-25,000 feet below the surface of the earth. The combination of all of these factors makes the extraction of natural gas in geopressurized zones quite complicated. However, of all of the unconventional sources of natural gas, geopressurized zones are estimated to hold the greatest amount of gas.
Is the science concerned with understanding the form of the Earth’s land surface and the processes by which it is shaped, both at the present day as well as in the past
A person who studies the history and development of the earth’s crust
A geological feature produced by deformation of the Earth’s crust, such as a fold or a fault; a feature within a rock, such as a fracture or bedding surface or, more generally, the spatial arrangement of rocks.