05.07.2009
Coal that is ground to a powder and mixed with water. In this form, coal can be pumped through a pipeline. A mixture of suspended solids and liquids
Arrangement of piping designed to catch a slug of liquid in the gas pipeline to separate it from the gas, or equipment for the purification of water.
In a natural gas pipeline, the liquids flow along the bottom of the pipleines (except in steeply inclined and vertical lines) with the gas flowing over the top “sweeping” the liquid along the pipelines. At lower gas flowrates, the amount of liquid held up in the flowlines tends to build up as the gas velocity is insufficient to “sweep” the liquids up the inclines and out of the flowlines. In addition, steep rises and falls in hold up rate can be caused by the undulations in the pipeline. In order to properly estimate all of the above, accurate bathymetric information needs to be available.
At very low flow rates, the amount of liquid held up in the low parts of the flowlines can build up to the point that a liquid “blockage” occurs. This liquid blockage is often referred to as a slug. The formation of slugs can result in instabilities in flowline operation leading to unsteady flows to the inlet of the receiving facility at the end of the flowline. Unsteady flow of gas and liquid to the terminal facility can result in poor operation of the facility. In order to help smooth the flow of fluids into the facility, a “Slug Catcher” may be installed, which provides a storage volume for liquids produced from the pipeline system. This volume allows the flow to the downstream plant to be smoothed out, helping a steady flow to be maintained.
Another reason for provision of a slug catcher is to manage liquids produced as the flowrate through the pipeline system varies. In general, an increase in gas rate is generally accompanied by an increase in liquid rate at the terminal both due to the increased liquid volumes associated with the additional gas, but also due to the production of the difference in liquid holdup between the lower and higher gas rate.
A volume of mud that is more dense than the mud in the drillpipe and wellbore annulus. A slug is used to displace mud out of the upper part of the drillpipe before pulling pipe out of the hole. (2) A small volume of fluid, often of a higher density than the main body of fluid, within the circulating or production-fluid system that influences the flow or production characteristics of the well. A slug may be placed to ensure that fluids are naturally drained from a tubing string as it is pulled from the wellbore. (3)The term may also be applied to a small volume of liquid produced from a gas well
A thick, viscous emulsion containing oil, water, sediment and residue that forms because of the incompatibility of certain native crude oils and strong inorganic acids used in well treatments.
Method used in Belgium according to which the calendar year is divided into schedules for the berthing of the LNG ships. This is a method that hopes to maximize plant utilization. Rules have also been set up in Belgium to promote secondary trades of shippers to resell slots that are not going to be used. It is also important that unbundled components of the slots (e.g. slot to berth a ship, LNG unloading, buffer storage and regasification services) are made available with sufficient prior notice so as to ensure that potential users with specific needs are not deterred by the need to purchase a complete slot
Sloshing is the phenomenon by which a moving fluid in a tank generates dynamic loads over the structure of the walls. It is a highly nonlinear phenomenon appearing in all marine structures containing liquids and is thus a problem of relative importance in the design of marine structures in general but the effects of sloshing loads are of great importance when designing LNG and FPSO tankers. The increasing traffic of LNG tankers and its growing capacities have lead to the need to accurately predict the loads acting on the structure by using valid methods for the estimation of sloshing effects. The importance of sloshing for these kinds of ships is related to the dimensions of the tanks, their distance to the centre of gravity, the filling level and the height of the ship itself. These parameters influence how the fluid in the tank will respond to an external excitation of the ship. This is an issue of concern in floating LNG units, if they are moving around massively in adverse sea conditions, especially in the cryogenic heat exchangers where it is necessary to make sure that the distribution of the fluid over the outside of the tubes or channels is even
Method of pipelaying that utilizes the elastic properties afforded by steel, making the pipe configuration resemble an ‘S’, with one end on the seabed and the other under tension onboard the ship. This configuration is suited to medium to shallow-water laying.
Oil flow that does not completely fill a pipeline