Check valves that permit fluid to pass downward, but not upward through the casing. A float collar is a special coupling device inserted one or two joints above the bottom of the casing string. A float shoe is positioned at the end of the casing
In seismic processing an improvement over DMO in situations where velocity varies significantly as a function of depth
Many deepwater fields are developed as subsea completions with production either tied back to a platform in shallow water or transmitted to a floating production system.
In many cases the processing facility is remotely located from the producing wells. Therefore flow assurance in the gas gathering system is critical of all subsea deepwater developments. Sea bottom temperature is cold and cooling of wellstreams during transmission can lead to formation of problematic hydrates and other solids such as waxes and asphaltenes which can clog flowlines and other subsea equipment.
The flow of produced oil and gas can be decreased or stopped by hydrate and wax formations inside steel pipe caused by its poor insulation properties against cold. This effect can be magnified by the coil-like internal structure of steel flexible pipe
Denitrification is essentially the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Denitrification is a natural process carried out by many microorganisms when sufficient oxygen is lacking
A cluster of fuel rods (or plates). Also called a fuel element. Many fuel assemblies make up a reactor core
The difference in arrival times at different seismic detectors due to reflector dip
A normally closed disc valve, designed to provide isolation within the tubing string, holding pressure from both above and below.
This is the most seaward and deepest portion of a basin floor fan. It is just down slope from the mid fan which in turn extends into the proximal fan, then the toe of slope channels and their associated coarser sediment
