05.07.2009

Used for cohesive soils and cohesionless soils above groundwater elevations. Augers are rotated until filled with soil and then removed to surface. A good method for drilling at shallow depths

Use the same drilling vessel to carry out another drilling and thus save on mob/demob costs

The Barnett Shale is a hydrocarbon-producing geological formation which consists of sedimentary rocks and the productive part of the formation is estimated to stretch from the city of Dallas west and south, covering 13,000 km² and is estimated by some as the largest onshore natural gas field in the United States. The Barnett Shale has acted as an important source and sealing cap rock for conventional oil and gas reservoirs in the area. It was thought that only a few of the thicker sections close to Fort Worth would support economic drilling. It was not until the 1980’s with new advances in horizontal drilling and well fracturing technology used by Mitchell Energy, a small independent, that the potential of the Barnett Shale was realized. Significant drilling activity did not begin until gas prices increased in the late 1990’s. Devon Energy acquired Mitchell Energy in 2002, and has established itself as the leading producer from the Barnett Shale. Natural gas production in the US increased by 8.8% during the first half of 2008 compared to the previous year with most production stemming from the Barnett layer in Texas, which is proof that new reserves can be extracted thanks to new technology

A rock mass formed in its current location

Geological feature caused mostly from tensional forces. Back-arc basins were not predicted by plate tectonics theory, but they are consistent with the dominant model for how the earth loses heat. >

The process in which LNG is kept at its boiling point, so that any added heat is countered by energy lost from boil off

Crude oil pipeline of 1,768 km running through Azerbaijan, Georgia and to the southern Turkish marine terminal of Ceyhan. The pipeline transfers (2008) a million barrels of oil a day. The east-west energy corridor that passes over Azerbaijan and Georgia reaching Turkey was constructed with strong US support and eroded Russia’s control over the extensive energy resources of the Caspian Sea as the first major oil pipeline to bypass Russia. The pipeline also freed Azerbaijan and Georgia from being dependent on Russia for their natural gas resources. The pipeline was put into service in 2006. It was forced to close for a while due to a fire in the Turkish section and faces increasing problems since the conflict between Russia and Georgia in August 2008.

Balancing delivery of gas in the transmission system with the quantities taken from it. Balancing is achieved through delivery and/or withdrawing gas from the pipeline and is done daily, monthly or seasonally

A consortium of currently 10 petroleum companies that have signed extraction contracts with Azerbaijan. These companies include BP (UK), Chevron (USA), Devon Energy (USA), StatoilHydro (Norway), T?rkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakl??? (Turkey), Amerada Hess (USA), State Oil Company of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan), ExxonMobil (USA), Inpex (Japan), Itochu (Japan). The AIOC made significant investment contributing to the construction of the South Caucasus Pipeline, the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline and are currently discussing construction of a Trans-Caspian Oil Pipeline between Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. Extraction of oil from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli fields and natural gas from Shah Deniz has been possible through foreign direct investment in this consortium.