A payment stipulated in the oil and gas lease, providing those entitled to a royalty payment to receive a certain payment agreed upon within the shut-in provisions contained in the oil and gas lease, and occurs when a gas well is shut-in due to lack of a suitable market or a lack of facilities to produce the product.
Company that has purchased certain quantities of natural gas. The entity that enters into a contract with the pipeline licensee for the transmission of the gas. The shipper has the responsibility to ensure that the quantity of gas nominated is the quantity of gas delivered. Shippers buy gas from producers, sell to suppliers and employ PGT’s to transport it to consumers. Consumers or marketers of the natural gas distribution licenses in Israel are also known as shippers. In Israel and in many other countries, the shipper/marketer משווק is the entity that is responsible to carry out all the commercial and technical deals and issues the deal vis-à-vis all the other entities – with the gas suppliers (for the purchase of the gas), with the transmission system’s licensee (to sign the transportation agreement and to pay the transmission tariff) and with the distribution network licensee (to book the link up and pay the distribution tariff). An end consumer that wishes to purchase gas and transmission and distribution services for himself will also be considered a shipper/marketer; namely a consumer can be his own shipper. A natural gas producer can also be a shipper in the distribution network. In principle the משווק is a shipper in so far as his obligations regarding the Transportation Agreement with INGL and with the distribution licensees are concerned, whilst vis-à-vis the consumers he is a marketer, since he is the entity that purchases the gas from the gas supplier and markets/sells it to those consumers that cannot operate alone vis-à-vis the supplier. In Israel, there is no business relationship between the distribution license holder and the natural gas supplier. The distribution network licensee can only know what is happening in his region whilst the marketer/shipper can operate in all the regions. It is the marketer/shipper and not the distribution licensee that is responsible to supply the gas to consumers. It is the shipper’s responsibility to ensure that the amount of gas that was nominated is the actual amount of gas supplied. A gas supplier may act as shipper/marketer in the distribution network. A consumer of the distribution network can be his own shipper/marketer.
In order to obtain the services from the transmission and distribution licensees it is incumbent upon the shipper to (1) to obtain a shipper’s/marketer’s license; (2) to sign the transportation agreement with the transmission licensee and to pay the actual flow tariff relevant to shippers; (3) to sign an agreement with the distribution network licensee and to pay him his distribution tariff; (4) to order the link up from the distribution licensee based on the tariff set in the tender. The shipper will be responsible to levy the payments from his consumers based on the meter reading that the distribution licensee set up for them. One shipper/marketer can provide his services in all the distribution areas and thus he and not the distribution licensee will be party to the GSA agreement and the transportation agreement. The consumer will only pay for the amount of gas that is registered on his meter. In the case of lack of coordination between the meter of the shipper at the entry point of the distribution network and between the total results of all the reading of the meters at the consumers’ entry points in that region, it is up to the shipper/marketer to make up the shortfall or enjoy the overflow relative to the consumption of his consumers. A GSPA agreement between a gas producer and a shipper/marketer/consumer deals with the commercial issues such as price, consumption profile, sanctions in case of non supply, etc. These agreements are made between a willing buyer and a willing seller and the contract details are not dictated or supervised by the regulator. The shipper/marketer has obligations for any damages that his gas may cause to the facilities of the distribution licensee or for the non supply of his services to consumers. The shipper takes upon himself responsibility for all the consumers’ setting of accounts vis-à-vis all the other players in the market. In return, the consumer pays for the price of the gas (which includes the shipper’s/marketer’s fee; neither the gas price nor this fee is supervised by the regulator), plus the regulated tariffs for the transmission, distribution and link up to the distribution network (one-time payment). It is to be pointed out that until the regulations requiring a shipper’s/marketer’s license have been determined, that this activity remains open to all without a license (subordinate on any other pertinent laws)
One of a number of locations or stations at the surface of the Earth at which a seismic source is activated
The installation of steel pipe or casing in a wellbore. An accompanying operation is the cementing of the casing in place by surrounding it with a wall of cement extending for all or a portion of the depth of the well
SRVs are purpose built LNG vessels designed to regasify the LNG onboard and deliver natural gas to a subsea pipeline. The SRV is a modified-standard LNG vessel with on-board LNG vaporizers that can be developed with either spherical cargo containment tanks or membrane tanks, with the spherical containment system recommended for harsh environments in order to eliminate the problem of high-sloshing loads during discharge in open sea conditions. Regasified LNG is discharged via a turret and swivel through a mooring and unloading buoy connected to a riser and subsea pipeline. Two separate buoys will ensure continuous send-out through overlap between arriving and departing SRVs. The SRV can be a conversion or a new-build and will also be capable of traditional delivery of LNG.
The major difference between the SRV and FSRU concept is that the FSRU is able to receive cargoes from conventional LNG carriers via a ship-to-ship LNG transfer system, and store the received LNG aboard before regasification and discharge.
These are various physical measurements of the nature of the reflected event which may be used for predicting rock properties or hydrocarbon presence. The attributes can be related to reflection of strength, phase, frequency or ratios/relationships with neighboring seismic traces. Advanced attributes include inversion, AVO, coherency and spectral decomposition. Attributes can give indications of: hydrocarbons especially natural gas, faults/fractures (coherency), drilling hazards, porous vs. non porous rock (sandstone vs. shale).
Such as in the ship to ship transfer of LNG from a regasification vessel to an LNG tanker
The Shah Deniz gas and condensate field, which was discovered in 1999, is located 100km south of Baku at a depth of 600 meters in the Caspian Sea. Recoverable reserves of the field are 22.1 trillion cubic feet of gas and 750 million barrels of condensate, with potential for further hydrocarbons at deeper horizons. The Shah Deniz Field is operated by BP which has a share of 25.5%. Other partners are Statoil Azerbaijan (25.5%), SOCAR Azerbaijan (10%), Elf Petroleum Azerbaijan (10%), LukAgip N.V. (10%), Oil Industries Engineering & Construction (10%), Turkish Petroleum Overseas Company Limited (9%).
