Category: General

State-run research institution that advises the government regarding soil sciences and acts as a support unit of the Soil Sciences Administration of the Ministry of National Infrastructures.

The amount of heat released by a specific quantity of fuel. The gross heating value of a fuel is defined as the amount of heat released by a specified quantity (initially at 25°C) once it is combusted and the products have returned to a temperature of 25°C. The difference between the higher heating value and the lower heating value depends on the chemical composition of the fuel. In the case of pure carbon or carbon dioxide, both heating values are almost identical. See also higher heating value and lower heating value of natural gas.

The Group’s principal activities are the exploration, local purchase, import, marketing, distribution and transportation of crude oil and thickened hydrocarbonic gas. It is also involved in the manufacture and sale of motor oils, industrial oils, petrol, chemicals, paints and coatings. Its other activities include the operation of public petrol stations and investment in real estate for renting

A method by which permits for greenhouse gas emissions may be allocated among emitters and firms in a domestic emissions trading regime according to their historical emissions. >