Author: bomuo

The residue deposited on a permeable medium when a drilling fluid is forced against the medium under pressure. The cake that forms on the walls of the wellbore can cause stuck pipe and other drilling problems so the properties of the cake such as its thickness, toughness and slickness and permeability are important

Spar systems are used in deep seas of at least 500 meters depth and usually more, to produce hydrocarbons from undersea wells, as well as to drill the wells and store produced oil. Such systems have a tall and narrow caisson extending down from the sea surface by perhaps one or two hundred meters and riser pipes that extend down from the lower portion of the caisson to the seafloor. Taut mooring lines extend at an incline from the caisson to anchors at the seafloor to limit drift. The tall and narrow caisson is subject to only moderate forces from winds, currents, and waves that cause it to drift from a quiescent position wherein it lies directly over the lower ends of the riser pipes. Although caisson drift is limited, it still can be substantial in severe weather. When the caisson drifts, its axis remains largely vertical due to ballast at its bottom and buoyancy at its top, and the upper portions of the riser pipes which lie within the caisson also extend vertically.

Protection facility for a gas well

An agreement between a host government and a contractor under which the host pays the contractor an agreed price for all volumes of hydrocarbons produced by the contractor. Pricing mechanisms typically provide the contractor with an opportunity to recover investment at an agreed level of profit. These agreements may include financial incentives for more efficient, lower cost developments and production levels higher than the minimum level agreed. These agreements may give rights to oil volumes and generally carry a risk for the contractor. They may allow booking of reserves.

A hydrocarbon gas found in the earth along with natural gas and oil. Butane turns into a liquid when put under pressure. It is sold as bottled gas. It is used to run heaters, stoves and motors, and to help make petrochemicals