Author: bomuo

Water trapped in the pores of rocks during the formation of the rocks. Salt water occurring with oil and gas in the reservoir

The change in oil-water or gas-oil contact profiles as a result of drawdown pressure during production. Coning occurs in vertical or slightly deviated wells and is affected by the characteristics of the fluids involved and the ratio of horizontal to vertical permeability

A clastic sedimentary rock that contains large (greater then two millimeters in diameter) rounded particles. The space between the pebbles is generally filled with smaller particles and/or a chemical cement that binds the rock together

Such as when the holder of a capacity in an LNG facility is not able to use it and/or has not released the capacity itself, it then becomes necessary for the LSO to make this capacity available to the rest of the market as firm capacity. Holders of unused capacity should also be encouraged to offer their capacity on the secondary market at a reasonable price. Congestion management procedures can include a host of requirements, such as the need to facilitate the development of competition and liquid trading of capacity. It has to be compatible with the functioning of the wider market, including spot markets and trading hubs, while being flexible and capable of adapting to evolving market circumstances. The procedures should not hamper the entry of new market participants nor create undue barriers to market entry. They should not prevent market participants, including new market entrants and companies with a small market share, from competing effectively. They preferably should not impose thresholds on the amount of booked capacity or long durations for the service contracts. In general the procedures should provide efficient and maximum use of capacity to foster investment in new infrastructure

Conformity refers to parallel strata that have undergone a similar geologic history, deposited in succession without interruption