Author: bomuo

A tool used to “see” beneath the earth’s surface. It involves sending acoustic vibrations into the ground and measuring the length of time it takes to rebound off the subsurface rocks back to the surface, or more precisely to record the amplitude of reflected energy from the sub-surface formations. High-tech supercomputers are used to process billions of data samples and generate a detailed, 3-D image of underground structures. Geophysicists interpret the data to make estimates as to the depth of the reservoir, its porosity, fluid content and other information valuable in determining where oil and gas deposits are most likely to be found

Namely when the owner of natural gas infrastructure (such as an LNG regasification terminal) does not have to offer capacity to third parties, which often renders the project more attractive for the investor. This was first ratified in the Hackberry ruling in the USA. The exemption rules are nevertheless complex and include a host of additional stipulations such as possibly having to grant access to unused capacity or having to set aside a portion of the base capacity (i.e. TPA exemption can be granted but possibly only for 80% of the base capacity)

Arrangement between parties to a drilling agreement, whereas an investor pays 1/3 of the costs in return for only 1/4 of the equity in the field.