05.07.2009

On 8th September 2009, the PUA published the principles, regulations and tariffs for the generation of electricity from small wind turbines. Consumers will be able to generate their own electricity for self usage and sell the surplus to the national grid. The maximum output of a domestic wind turbine (household rate) will be 15 kilowatts, and the maximum output of a general customer’s wind turbine (commercial and industrial rate) will be 50 kilowatts. The total quota allowed to receive the rates will be 30 megawatts through 2016.

• The PUA and MNI are once again on track promoting household solar energy system with the PUA abolishing the 50 MW cap for small facilities of up to 15 KW. A new lower tariff however has been set at 1.67 NIS per KWH compared to the previous accepted tariff of 2.04 NS. In addition more industrial photovoltaic solar systems of up to 50 KW can be constructed up to a cap of 120 MW with the tariff being set at 1.51 NIS per KWH decreasing at 7% per annum as of 1.9.2011. The new policy will be implemented as of September 1st 2010.

Electric energy generated through the harnessing of wind. Harnessing the wind is highly dependent upon weather and location. Indeed, wind turbines generate electricity very irregularly, because the wind itself is inconsistent. Therefore wind turbine always need backup power from fossil fuels to keep the electricity grid in balance. Natural gas turbines are probably the best way to do this as they are able to start up quickly, as opposed to coal-fired plants which need to be maintained in a very inefficient standby mode if they are to respond to large fluctuations in power demand, when wind generators stop suddenly. Wind power is thus clearly not reducing the dependence on imported fuels such as natural gas and may even enhance the use of natural gas. The average wind velocity of Earth is around 9 m/sec. The power that could be produced when a wind mill is facing the wind of 16 km/hr is around 50 watts. Germany (installed wind capacity of 21,400 MW in 2007) and Spain (installed capacity of 14,700 MW) are Europe’s leading producers of wind power. One of the main problems with wind power is the space it requires for setting up wind farms. Another problem is the intermittency of wind and its destabilizing effect on the grid that requires stable transmission of energy so that wind power complicates power system balancing >

WesternGeco, a business unit of Schlumberger, is the world’s leading geophysical services company, providing comprehensive worldwide reservoir imaging, monitoring, and development services, with the most extensive geophysical survey crews and data processing centers in the industry, as well as the world’s largest multiclient data library. Services range from 3D and 4D (time-lapse) seismic surveys to multicomponent and electromagnetic surveys, supplying clients with accurate measurements of subsurface geology

A type of crude oil (light sweet crude oil) produced in the Permian and Midland basin areas of west Texas. The term is commonly used as a price benchmark. WTI is the underlying commodity of the New York Mercantile Exchange’s oil futures contracts. The price paid for crude oil varies according to its quality

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Method of sealing one particular zone or a long horizontal well bore into several small sections, used for greater production control along the well length

An interval or unit of rock differentiated from surrounding rocks on the basis of its fossil content or other features, such as faults or fractures

In an oil and gas contract, zone refers to a stratum of earth containing or thought to contain an accumulation of petroleum separately producible from any other accumulation of petroleum

A slab of reservoir rock bounded above and below by impermeable rock

From game theory where one side wins all and one side loses