There are two types of biomass: raw or primary biomass and secondary biomass. Raw biomass consists mainly of trees and shrubs from forests, or crops such as grasses, legumes, oilseeds, cereal grains, rushes etc. It can also be aquatic materials such as kelp, seaweed or algae. It can even be animal manure. Raw biomass is also obtained from energy crops that are grown specifically to provide biofuels. Typical energy crops include hybrid poplars, willows, grasses.
Passive Solar Heating presents the most cost effective means of providing heat to buildings. Generally, the amount of solar energy that falls on the roof of a house is more than the total energy consumed within the house. Passive solar applications, when included in initial building design, adds little or nothing to the cost of a building, yet has the effect of realizing a reduction in operational costs and reduced equipment demand. It is reliable, mechanically simple, and is a viable asset to a home
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, incorporated in California in 1905, is one of the largest combination natural gas and electric utilities in the United States
An oil or gas reservoir has to be capped by impervious rock in order to form an effective seal that prevents the gas from escaping upward or laterally
Heat transfer through a medium, such as air or water, by currents that result from the rising of lighter, warmed medium and the sinking of heavier, cool medium.
Fuel moisture content is a measure of the amount of moisture (water) that is present in a fuel.
Yossi Maiman – Chairman of the Board. The Merhav Group’s subsidiary, Medgas, holds 25% of EMG’s equity, the balance being held by Egyptian partners. Merhav communication also owns 51% of Channel 10 TV, with the remainder divided 25% to Duna Investment (Ronald Lauder) 19% Monarch (controlled by Arnon Milchin) and 5% Milchin communications
In the early days of oil tanker operations it was a common practice to clean tanks by means of jets spraying seawater. The jets washed the oil residues from the tank surfaces, resulting in a mixture of oil and water which collected at the bottom of the tank and was then pumped overboard. This naturally led to a considerable amount of oil getting into the sea. The ballast water, which was pumped overboard to make way for a fresh cargo of oil, was also contaminated. In the 1950s, there were no alternative ways of cleaning tanks. The OILPOL Convention, adopted in 1954, tried to alleviate the pollution from this process by prohibiting the discharge of oil or oily mixtures within 50 miles of land. This limit was extended to 100 miles in certain areas which were regarded as being particularly endangered. In the late 1960s, concern about the waste of oil and pollution caused by this process led the industry to look for an alternative. The result was to become known as load on top. Under load on top, tanks were cleaned as previously using high-pressure hot-water cleaning machines. However, instead of pumping the resulting oily mixtures overboard, they were pumped into a special slop tank. During the course of the return voyage to the loading terminal this mixture separates. Oil, being lighter than water, gradually floats to the surface leaving the denser water at the bottom. This water is then pumped into the sea, leaving only crude oil in the tank. At the loading terminal fresh crude oil is then loaded on top of it. The process had advantages for the owner of the oil, since the oil normally lost during tank cleaning can be saved (as much as 800 tons of oil on a large tanker), but the main beneficiary was the environment. Some experts believe that without load on top the amount of oil being dumped into the sea as a result of tank cleaning could have reached more than 8 million tons a year.
The Israeli Standard Institute together with the MNI instigated 4 new natural gas standards in mid 2009, based on the pressure of the gas. The four standards are: (1) 5664-1 Natural gas transmission / general; (2) 5664-2 natural gas transmission system / further needs for steel pipe (everything that is over 16 bar pressure comes under 5664-1 or 2). Both these standards stem from the Dutch standard NEN 3650-1 and 3650-2 with relevant changes and additions made for the Israeli market); (3) 5664-3 natural gas distribution system, adopted from the US standard ASME B 31.8 with relevant changes, and (4) 5664-4 natural gas supply system, which deals with matters up to the consumer’s meter, with relevant changes and was adopted from the US standard NFPA 54. Sections 3 and 4 were adopted from British documents with the objective to attain the highest possible level of safety and greater technical definitions based on Israeli laws
A body which is capable of accepting and storing heat or cool and, therefore, may also act as a delayed heat source.
