The man who drilled the first oil well in American in 1859. On August 27th, 1859 former railroad conductor Edwin Drake struck oil. Using techniques used in drilling salt wells, Drake had drilled down sixty nine feet on a patch of land in Titusville, Pennsylvania. He produced a steady flow of twenty five barrels of oil per day. Drake began marketing his oil for heating and lighting.
Aims to help integrate consideration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues by institutional investors into investment decision-making
A valve located on the side of a Christmas tree or temporary surface flow equipment, such as may be used for a drillstem test. Two wing valves are generally fitted to a Christmas tree. A flowing wing valve is used to control and isolate production, and the kill wing valve (KWV) fitted on the opposite side of the Christmas tree is available for treatment or well-control purposes. The term wing valve typically is used when referring to the flowing wing
Britain’s biggest energy suppliers are British Gas owner Centrica, ScottishPower, RWE npower, EON UK, Scottish and Southern Energy and EDF Energy
To form fissile nuclei, usually as a result of neutron capture, possibly followed by radioactive decay.
A mass of absorbing material (e.g. thick concrete walls) placed around a reactor or radioactive material to reduce the radiation (especially neutrons and gamma rays respectively) to a level safe for humans.
Means state of the art measures considering comparable options, technological advances, technical / economic feasibility, time limits for installation and the nature and volume of…. (e.g. the discharges and emissions concerned).
Economic and social factors being taken into account. This is the optimisation principle of radiation protection
Production-weighted decline rate of oil and gas fields is somewhat different, especially since 1985, compared to the average decline rate. The reason for this change is the introduction of new technologies, most notably horizontal drilling and fracturing techniques, in many major fields. Using new technologies, it was possible to halt the decline in many giants and keep production stable for some time. Eventually the average and the production-weighted declines must follow each other. The currently stable production-weighted decline cannot be expected to continue far into the future, once technology enhanced fields reach the final onset of decline. A limit for the average decline rate of the giant oil fields occur when all the fields in the population have reached the onset of decline. In other words the average decline rate cannot increase monotonously, but will sooner or later reach a limit.
