05.07.2009
A document setting out the terms of the contract between the exporter of the goods and the carrier, under which the freight is to be transported from the port of shipment to that of destination.
Such as the bilateral transit contract between Russia and Ukraine according to which Ukraine must guarantee the unhindered transportation of energy resources over its territory to Europe
A market that has only one seller (monopolist) and only one buyer (monopsonist)
Trading whereby two parties – for example a generator and supplier – enter into a contract to deliver electricity at an agreed time in the future
A legal commitment for one party to purchase and another party to sell; for example, a direct contract between a power producer and a user. A written statement signed by two parties that specifies the terms for exchanging energy
A pejorative term often used to describe the supermajor non-state owned oil and gas companies. Expressions are often used about “being in the pocket of big oil”.
A vehicle with two separate fuel systems designed to run on either fuel, using only one fuel at a time. A vehicle that employs a combustion engine system together with an electric propulsion system.
Dedicated natural gas vehicles are designed to run on natural gas only, while dual-fuel or bi-fuel vehicles can also run on gasoline or diesel. Dual-fuel vehicles allow users to take advantage of the wide-spread availability of gasoline or diesel but use a cleaner, more economical alternative when natural gas is available. Since natural gas is stored in high-pressure fuel tanks, dual-fuel vehicles require two separate fueling systems, which take up passenger/cargo space.