Fees paid to countries for the transit of gas over their territory. Deal between India and Pakistan for instance where Pakistan receives $0.40 per mmbtu under the Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) gas pipeline deal. In 2009 Russia and Ukraine settled on a transit fee of $1.70 for 1,000 cubic meters of gas per 100km ($0.048 per mmbtu per 100 km) >
Organic matter undergoes changes in composition with increasing burial depth and temperature. The three steps in the transformation of organic matter to petroleum hydrocarbons are termed diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis. Petroleum hydrocarbons exist as gaseous, liquid, and solid phases, depending on temperature, pressure, burial time, and composition of the system.
A transformer is an electrical device that takes electricity of one voltage and changes it into another voltage
